Chapter 61.
THE
TESTIMONY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS TO
THE SUPERINTENDING
God
is in creation; cosmos would still be chaos with God left out. He is also
in events; the whole of mission history is a mystery until read as His story.
We
are now to look at the proofs of a Superintending Providence of God in
foreign missions. The word "providence" literally means fore vision,
and hence,
fore action — preparation for what
is foreseen — expressing a divine,
invisible rule of this world, including care, control, guidance, as exercised
over both the animate and inanimate creation. In its largest scope it
involves foreknowledge and foreordination, preservation and administration,
exercised in all places and at all times.
For
our present purpose the word "providence" may be limited to the divine
activity in the entire control of persons and events. This sphere of action
and administration, or superintendence, embraces three departments: first,
the natural or material — creation; second, the
spiritual or immaterial — new creation; and
third, the intermediate history in which He adapts and adjusts
the one to the other, so that even the marred and hostile elements, introduced
by sin, are made tributary to the final triumph of redemption.
Man’s
degeneration is corrected in regeneration; the natural made subservient
to the supernatural, and even the wrath of man to the love and grace
of God.
MANIFESTATIONS
OF GOD
Thus,
intermediate between the mystery of creation and the mystery of the new
creation lies the mystery of history, linking the other two. We are now briefly
to trace the working of the Creator and Ruler of both the matter worlds
and time worlds, controlling the blind forces of nature and the intelligent
forces of human nature, so as to make all events and agencies serve
His ends as Redeemer.
In
creation God specially manifests His eternity, power and wisdom; in history,
His sovereignty and majesty, justice and righteousness; in redemption,
His holiness and benevolence, and, most of all, grace or the voluntary
exercise of His love. These positions being granted, we may expect
to find, especially in mission history, proofs of God’s Superintending
Providence, of His three-fold administration as Lawgiver, King,
and Judge; in His legislative capacity, commanding and counseling; in
His executive capacity, governing and directing; in His judicial capacity, rewarding
and punishing. Space allows only a general glance as of a landscape
from a mountaintop.
GOD’S
The
work of missions is pre-eminently God’s
enterprise — has on it the seal
of His authority. He calls it His own "visiting of the nations to take out of
them a people for His name." Thus the whole course of missions becomes
God’s march through the ages. He has His
vanguard, the forerunners
that prepare His way, making ready for, and heralding, His approach.
He has His bodyguard, the immediate attendants that signalize His
actual advance, bear His banners, and execute His will; and He has His rearguard
the resultant movements consequent upon, and complementary to,
the rest.
In
other words, God’s Superintending
Providence in missions is seen from three points of view:
1.
In the divine preparations for world-wide evangelization.
2.
In the divine co-operation in missionary activity.
3.
In the divine benediction upon all faithful service.
GOD’S
PREPARATIONS
Each
of these embraces many particulars which demand more than a rapid glance.
God’s preparations reached through
millenniums. But within the century just closed we see Him moving, opening
doors and shaping events, causing the removal of obstacles and the subsidence
of barriers, raising up and thrusting forth workers, and furnishing new
facilities; and
conspicuously in promoting Bible translation and diffusion.
GOD’S
COOPERATION
His
cooperation is seen in the unity and continuity of the work, in the marked
fitness between the workers and the work, the new fields and the new
facilities. Startling correspondences in mission history reveal His omnipresence
and faithfulness, such as synchronisms and successions among
His chosen servants, parallel and converging lines of labor, and connecting
links of service. All these, and much more, show, behind the lives
and deeds of the workmen, a Higher Power that wrought in them both
to will and to work.
GOD’S
BENEDICTION
Pagan
philosophers regarded the milky way as an old, disused path of the sun,
upon which He had left some faint impression of His glorious presence in
the golden stardust from His footsteps. To him who prayerfully watches mission
history it is God’s Via Lactea; He has
passed that way, and made the place of His feet glorious.
Brevity
forbids more than the citation of instances sufficient to demonstrate and
illustrate these positions. The evidence of divine co-working will of course
be clearest where there is closest adherence to His declared methods
of working.
DIVINE
PREPARATION FOR MISSIONS
As
to what events and what messengers have been His chosen forerunners? The
first half of the eighteenth century seemed more likely to be the mother of
iniquity and idolatry than to rock the cradle of world-wide missions.
Deism
in the pulpit and practical atheism in the pew naturally begot apathy, if
not antipathy, toward Gospel diffusion. A hundred and fifty years ago, in the
body of the Church, disease was dominant and death seemed imminent. Infidelity
and irreligion stalked about, God denying and God defying. In camp
and court, at the bar and on the bench, in the home and in the Church,
there was a plague of heresy and a moral leprosy.
THREE
GREAT FORCES
How
then came a century of modern missions! Three great forces God marshaled
to cooperate: the obscure Moravians, the despised Methodists, and
a little group of intercessors scattered over
A
SYMPHONY OF PRAISE
The
Moravians providentially molded John Wesley; and the Holy Club of Lincoln
College,
The
"monthly concert" made that prayer-spirit wide spreading and permanent.
The humble Baptists, in widow Wallis’
parlor at Kettering, made their covenant of missions; and regiments
began to form and take up the line of march, until, before the eighteenth
century was a quarter through its course, the whole Church was joining
the missionary army.
Sydney
Smith sneered at the "consecrated cobblers" and tried to rout them from
their nest; but the motto of a despised few became the rallying cry of the
whole
DIVINE
COOPERATION IN MISSIONS
We
turn now to look at the history of the century as a missionary movement.
Nothing is more remarkable than the rapid opening of doors in every
quarter. At the beginning of the century the enterprise of missions seemed,
to worldly wise and prudent men, hopeless and visionary. Cannibalism
in the Islands of the Sea, fetishism in the Dark Continent, exclusivism
in
OBSTACLES
REMOVED
As
the little band advanced, on every hand the walls of opposition fell, and the
iron gates opened of their own accord.
MISSIONARIES
CALLED AND PLACED
At
the same time God was raising up, in unprecedented numbers, men and women,
so marvelously fitted for the exact work and fields as to show unmistakable
foresight and purpose. The biographies of leading missionaries read like
chapters where prophecy lights up history. Think of William
Carey’s inborn adaptation as translator in
India, of Livingstone’s career
as missionary explorer and general in Africa, of Catherine Booth’s capacity
as mother of the Salvation Army, of Jerry McAuley’s
preparation for
rescue work in New York City, of Alexander Duff’s
fitness for educational
work in India, of Adoniram Judson’s
schooling for the building of an apostolic church in Burma, of John
Williams’ unconscious training for
evangelist in the South Seas. Then mark the unity and continuity of labor
— one worker succeeding another at crises
unforeseen by man, as when Gordon left for the
DIVINE
INTERFERENCE
At
times this Superintending Providence of God has inspired awe by unmistakably
judicial strokes of judgment, as when in Turkey in 1839, in the
crisis of missions, Sultan Mahmud suddenly died, and his edict of expulsion
had no executive to carry it out, and his successor Abdul Medjid signalized
the succession by the issuing of a new charter of liberty; or, as when
in Siam, twelve years later, at another such crisis, God by death dethroned
Chaum Klow, the reckless and malicious foe of missions, and set on
the vacant throne Maha-Mong-Kut, the one man in the empire taught by
a missionary and prepared to be the friend and patron of missions, as also
his son and successor, Chulalangkorn!
THE
BLOOD OF THE MARTYRS
These
are but parts of His ways. The pages of the century’s
history are here
and there written in blood, but even the blood has a golden luster. Martyrs
there have been, like John Williams, and Coleridge Patteson, and James
Hannington, Allen Gardiner, and Abraham Lincoln, and David Livingstone,
the Gordons of Erromanga and the Gordon of Khartoum, the convert
of Lebanon, and the court pages at Uganda; but every one of these deaths
has been like seed which falls into the ground to die that it may bring
forth fruit. The churches of Polynesia and Melanesia, of
THE
DIVINE BENEDICTION OF MISSIONS
The
same Superintending Providence is seen in the results of missions. Two
brief sentences fitly outline the whole situation as to the direct results in
the foreign field: First, native churches have been raised up with the three
features of a complete church life; self-support, self-government, and self-propagation;
and second, the richest fruits of Christianity, both in the individual
and in the community, have been found growing and ripening wherever
there has been faithful Gospel effort. Then, as to the reflex action of
missions on the church at home, two other brief sayings are similarly exhaustive:
first, Thomas Chalmers’ remark that
"foreign missions act on home missions, not by exhaustion, but by
fermentation;" and second, Alexander Duff’s
sage saying, that "the church that is no longer evangelistic,
will cease to be evangelical"
The
whole hundred years of missions is a historic commentary on these four
comprehensive statements. God’s Word has never
returned to Him
void. Like the rain from heaven, it has come down, not to go
back until it has
made the earth to bring forth and bud, yielding not only bread for the eater,
but seed for the sower, providing for salvation of souls and expansion
of service. Everywhere God’s one everlasting sign
has been wrought;
instead of the thorn has come up the fir tree, and instead of the brier,
the myrtle tree — the soil of society
exhibiting a total change in its products, as in the Fiji group, where a
thousand churches displace heathen fanes and cannibal ovens, or as among the
Karens, where on opposing hills the Schway Mote Tou Pagoda confronts the Kho
Thah Byu Memorial
Hall, typical of the old and the new. Along the valley of
the
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